燃煤熱風爐生物質節能环保改造可行性分析

我國擁有大量成都收賬生活和工業燃煤熱風爐，燃煤熱風爐使用過程中產生成都找人公司SO2、煙塵等污染物，對大氣环境造成較大成都收賬污染。為加強大氣环境收賬綜合整治，許多城市已逐步對巾小型燃煤熱風爐進行淘汰或改造(改燃清潔燃料)。將運行中成都找人公司中小型燃煤熱風爐改造成生物質成型燃料熱風爐，一方面能有效降低SO2、煙塵的排放量，另一方面可避免改用燃油(氣)熱風爐帶來的經濟負擔，還對促進可再生能源的發展、實現農業和林業有機廢棄物的綜合利用、優化能源結構具有重要作用。
China has a large number o透水地坪f living and industrial coal-fired hot blast furnace, the use of coal-fired hot air furnace SO2, smoke and other pollutants, causing great pollution to the atmosphere. In order to strengthen the comprehensive improvement of the atmospheric environment, many cities have gradually eliminated or reformed small coal-fired hot blast stoves (converted to clean fuel). On the one hand, it can effectively reduce the emission of SO2 and smoke, and on the other hand, it can avoid the economic burden of using the fuel (gas) hot blast stove on the one hand, and promote the development of renewable energy and the comprehensive utilization of organic waste in agriculture and forestry. The structure of the chemical energy has an important role. 二、熱風爐改造大氣污染物排放量分析
Two. Analysis of air pollutants emission from hot blast stove retrofit
(1)生物質成型燃料的特點
(1) characteristics of biomass briquette fuel
生物質成型燃料是指采用農作物剩餘物(秸稈、稻殼等)、林業剩餘物(采伐加工剩餘物、枯枝等)等為原料，通過專門設備在特定工藝條件下壓縮成棒狀、塊狀或顆粒狀等的燃料。
Biomass briquette is the use of crop residues (straw, rice husk, etc.), forestry remainder (cutting remainder, withered branch, etc.) as raw materials, and compressed into rod like, lumpy or granular fuel through special equipment.
生物質成型燃料與一般工業用煤的主要特性比較可以看出：生物質成犁燃料的熱值稍低於煤，1噸生物質成型燃料相當於0.73—0.97噸煤的熱值;生物質成型燃料的硫含量大大低於煤，氮和灰份的硫含量稍低於煤，燃燒時產生的SO2大大減少，NOx和煙塵較少。
The comparison of the main characteristics of the biomass briquette and the general industrial coal can be seen that the calorific value of the biomass plow fuel is slightly lower than that of the coal, and the 1 ton biomass briquette is equivalent to the calorific value of 0.73 to 0.97 tons of coal; the sulfur content of the biomass briquette is much lower than that of the coal, and the sulfur content of the nitrogen and ash is slightly lower than that of the coal, and the SO2 produced during the combustion is large. Large reduction, NOx and smoke less.
(2)熱風爐改造大氣污染物排放情況
(2) transformation of air pollutants by hot air furnace
以1臺1t/h燃煤熱風爐改造成生物質成型燃料成都找人公司為例，采用《环境統計手冊》的成都***煙氣中大氣污染物排放理論計算公式，分別預測成都***在達到相同工作作出力情況下，熱風爐改造前、後煙氣中大氣污染物排放情況，燃料特性取均值計算，並參考河南省环境槍測中心站對某0.8t/h燃煤熱風爐改造成生物質成型燃料熱風爐後，熱風爐煙氣經濕式噴淋除塵後大氣污染物濃度監測結果。
Taking 1 1t/h coal-fired hot blast furnaces to transform into a biomass briquette hot blast stove as an example, using the theoretical calculation formula of air pollutant emission from the flue gas of the hot blast stove in the "Environmental Statistics Manual", the emission of air pollutants in the flue gas before and after the hot blast furnace is predicted respectively. The mean value was calculated, and the results of air pollutant concentration monitoring after a 0.8t/h coal fired hot blast stove was transformed into a biomass briquette hot blast stove in Henan Province, and the air pollutant concentration was monitored after the wet spray dust removal.
熱風爐改造前、後的預測結果比較可以看出：熱風爐在達到相同工作出力情況下，熱風爐改造後燃用生物質成型燃料產生的SO2和煙塵均有一定程度的降低，SO2產生量和產生濃度分別減少93%和94%，煙塵產生蹙和產生濃度分別減少29%和42%;NOx污染與改造前相差不大。從熱風爐改造後的預測結果和監測結果可以看出：熱風爐改造後燃用生物質成型燃料，SO2濃度大大低於《熱風爐大氣污染物排放標準》(GB13271—2001)Ⅱ時段的最高允許排放濃度。
The comparison of the prediction results before and after the remolding of the hot blast stove shows that when the hot blast stove reaches the same working force, the SO2 and dust produced by the biomass briquette fuel are reduced to a certain extent, the production and concentration of SO2 are reduced by 93% and 94% respectively, and the production and concentration of smoke and dust are reduced by 29, respectively. % and 42%, and NOx pollution is not quite different from that before the transformation. The prediction results and monitoring results after the remolding of the hot blast stove show that the SO2 concentration is much lower than the maximum permissible concentration in the period of the air pollutant discharge standard (GB13271 - 2001) II of the hot blast stove after the remolding of the hot blast stove.
煙塵濃度超標4.86倍，經濕式噴淋除塵，除塵率達83%以上時。可達到排放標準。
The concentration of smoke and dust exceeded 4.86 times, and the dust removal rate reached more than 83% after wet spraying. The discharge standard can be reached.
三、熱風爐改造技術性分析
Three. Technical analysis of hot blast furnace transformation
生物質成型燃料經壓縮而成。密度高、揮發份溢出速度慢、水分含量人，若現運行中的燃煤熱風爐不加改造直接使用生物質成型燃料，熱風爐容易出現出力小穩、容易冒黑煙、粉，疊污染等現象。
The biomass briquette is compressed. High density, slow volatilization spillover speed, water content people, if th印花地坪e current operation of coal-fired hot blast furnace without modification directly use biomass briquette fuel, hot blast stove is easy to appear power and small stability, easy to take black smoke, powder, superimposed pollution and so on.
通過改造燃煤熱風爐燃燒室和輔助供風系統，主要是采用強制機械通風方式，在熱風爐下部增加佈風室、增加爐膛二次供風、調節進料鬥燃料層厚度等，町解決卜.述不良現象，滿足牛物質成型燃料的充分燃燒。經試驗，燃煤熱風爐改造成生物質成型燃料熱風爐後可達到相同的工作出力，熱風爐熱效率達58%以上。
By reforming the combustion chamber and auxiliary air supply system of the coal-fired hot stove, it is mainly to adopt the forced mechanical ventilation, increase the air distribution room in the lower part of the hot blast stove, increase the two air supply of the furnace, and adjust the thickness of the fuel layer of the hopper, so as to solve the bad phenomenon and satisfy the full combustion of the material of the material of the cow. The test results show that the same output can be achieved after the coal-fired hot blast stove is transformed into a biomass briquette hot blast stove, and the thermal efficiency of the hot blast stove is over 58%.
四、熱風爐改造經濟性分析
Four. Economic analysis of hot blast furnace transformation
熱風爐在達到同力情況下運行的經濟性主要取決於燃料的熱值、價格和熱風爐的熱效率，比較熱風爐分別以生物質成型燃料、煤、柴油和天然氣為燃料的運行成本得出：天然氣>柴油>生物質燃料>煤。雖然熱風爐燃用生物質成型燃料的運行成本稍高於燃煤，考慮到燃用生物質燃料產生的SO2有較大程度的降低.可減少煙氣脫硫的成本;另一方面，煤炭、柴油、天然氣等化石能源隨著需求持續增長，以及大量開采而逐步衰歇，必然導致價格不斷上揚，會帶來的一定經濟負擔。綜合比較燃煤熱風爐改造成生物質成型燃料熱風爐在經濟上有一定的競爭優勢。
The economy of the hot air furnace running with the same force depends mainly on the calorific value of the fuel, the price and the heat efficiency of the hot air furnace. The comparison of the running cost of the hot blast stove with the fuel of biomass briquette, coal, diesel and natural gas can be compared with the natural gas > diesel > biomass fuel > coal. Although the cost of burning biomass fuel is slightly higher than that of coal, it is necessary to reduce the cost of FGD by taking into account that the SO2 produced by biomass fuel can be reduced greatly. On the other hand, fossil fuels such as coal, diesel and natural gas will continue to grow with the demand and gradually decline with a large amount of exploitation. The economic burden will be brought about by the rising prices. Comprehensive comparison of coal fired hot stove into biomass briquette stove has a certain economic competitive advantage.
五、生物質成型燃料的發展前景及存在問題
Five, development prospects and existing problems of biomass briquette fuel
日前我國農作物秸稈町收集量為6.87億噸，約3.43億噸可作為燃料使用;林業剩餘物可獲得量在8—10億噸，約3億噸可作為能源利用。將其兩者壓縮加工成生物質成型燃料折合可達約3.72億噸標準煤，實現農業和林業有機廢棄物的綜合利用。具有一定的社會和經濟效益。同時，促進可再生能源的發展，對緩解能源緊張、優化能源結構具有重要作用，資源潛力大、發展前景好。
The collection of crop straw in China is 6.87 billion tons, about 3.43 million tons can be used as fuel, and the availability of forestry residues is 8 to 10 million tons, and about 3 billion tons can be used as energy. Compressing the two into biomass briquette fuels yields about 372 million tons of standard coal, thus realizing the comprehensive utilization of agricultural and forestry organic wastes. It has certain social and economic benefits. At the same time, promoting the development of renewable energy plays an important role in alleviating the energy shortage and optimizing the energy structure, with great potential resources and good prospects for development.
但由於我國生物質成型燃料產業正處在發展初期，市場尚未成熟，質量、價格相差較人，供求不穩定，行業標準還小健全。需要國傢有關部門制定相應的配套政策扶持和推動產業發展。
But because of our country's biomass fuel industry is in the early stage of development, the market is not mature, the difference of quality and price is relatively human, the supply and demand is not stable, and the industry standard is still small and sound. Relevant state departments are required to formulate corresponding supporting policies to support and promote industrial development.
六、結論
Six. Conclusion
將運行中的中小型燃煤熱風爐改造成燃生物質成型燃料熱風爐在經濟和技術上可行;可有效降低SO2的排放，煙氣經除塵可達到國傢排放標準。具有明
It is economically and technically feasible to transform the small and medium coal-fired hot blast furnace into a burning biomass briquette hot blast stove, which can effectively reduce the emission of SO2, and the flue gas can reach the national emission standard by dust removal. Bright